These decisions influence the right to use and maintain languages, affect language status, and determine which languages are nurtured. Document resume ed 233 562 fl 0 652 title note 22p. The first chapter introduces the concept of language planning and policy. Introduction this section contains a brief overview of the field of language planning lp. The core section of the monograph investigates language policy and planning, with an emphasis on the mother tongue medium or first language policy and the multilingual policy. Papers from the international conference nations and languages and the construction of europe. In traditional studies of language policy in china, scholars mainly try to evaluate language policys effectiveness in attaining goals such as national unity, economic development, and illiteracy reduction. Mar 19, 2014 language policy language policy is sometimes used as a synonym to a language planning. A chapter is devoted to language policy in the context of business and trade. There is a thin line of distinction between language planning and language policy, so much so that the two are often used interchangeably. Sees the development and elaboration of a language resource orientation as important for the integration of bilingual education into a responsible language policy for the united states.
It presents papers that deal with the widest range of cases, situations and regions. Language planning and policy werner kummer with stephan gramley every planned intervention by a subnational, national, or supranational political organization which is directed toward the otherwise unregulated development of a language or any of its varieties can be regarded as an act of language planning and language policy. Apr 14, 2020 all journal articles featured in current issues in language planning vol 21 issue 2. The characteristics of language policy and planning. Along this route, the importance of language planning for public policy studies becomes almost selfevident. Mar 16, 2019 language planning and policy arise out of sociopolitical situations where, for example, speakers of various languages compete for resources or where a particular linguistic minority is denied access to basic rights. Macro language policy and planning and lack of proficiency. Language planning refers to various ways of influencing a language. Language is an asset and a primary instrument of human communication. The field of language planning and policy lpp is concerned with the policies both explicit and implicit that influence what languages are. A fiveyear period of particular activity in australian language policy and language planning culminated with the 1991 publication of the white paper called australias language, which outlines proposed government programs in languages until 1994.
There is also a brief discussion of the relevance of lp to teacher. To learn about our use of cookies and how you can manage your cookie settings, please see our cookie policy. In short, language policy is the expression of the ideological orientations and views, and language planning is. The handbook examines the ways in which scholarship in language policy and planning lpp has understood the changing relationship between lpp and politicaleconomic conditions, and how this changing relationship has shaped knowledge production in the field. The chinese language and language planning in china the. Every planned intervention by a subnational, national, or supranational political organization which is directed toward the otherwise unregulated development of a language or any of its varieties can be regarded as an act of language planning and language policy. When there is no official language policy, the linguistic status quo becomes the implicit policy. The chinese language and language planning in china by na liu, center for applied linguistics this brief introduces the chinese language and its varieties and describes chinese language planning initiatives in china. Language policy and language planning by william f. It might also function as a useful point of comparison for language planning and language policy in the european union as it exists today.
The widest range of conditions can affect language policy. Language policy contributes to the growth of the field by publishing highquality studies that help build a sound theoretical understanding of the subject area. Education, language policy and language use in the philippines 89 meant to, privilege certain ethnic group over others samuel and tee, 20. History of language planning and policy language planning and policy was revitalized again mostly after the newly independent states, in the postcolonial era, needed to reconstruct their identity including language in a context of multi ethnolinguistic diverse populace. Oxford handbook of language policy and planning oxford. However, language can also become a problem and a barrier to communication, which necessitates language planning. Eric ed359801 language planning and language policy in. Every planned intervention by a subnational, national, or supranational political. N2 basic orientations toward language and its role in society influence the nature of language planning efforts in any particular context. Language planning and language policies in some selected west. The politics of language planning 115 indeed exist, as well as the socioeconomic, political and cultural implications that they carry with them. There is controversy about the terminology used, and in a postcolonial scenario, these problems go far beyond the academic, and become part of sociopolitical disagreements and conflicts. Introduction purpose of the guide this guide is intended to support first nations communities, governments, schools and language authorities across british columbia in the implementation of language policies and programs that lead to.
Proposes three basic orientations toward language and its role in society. The article has also discussed some methodology which can be employed in conducting future studies. Exploring family language policy and planning among ethnic minority families. However, language policy refers to the more general linguistic, political and social goals underlying the actual language planning process. St encourages the study of a language, understanding that its corpus, status and acquisition are interconnected. Topdown language planning is related to people with power and authority who make language related decisions for groups. Pdf language planning, policy and implementation in. What concerted policies, if any, do these african countries have for language policy and education. Language policies are expressions of a longlasting linguistic culturei.
Let us accept for the moment a preliminary definition of lp see section 4 below for further discussion as the planning of deliberate changes in the form or use of a language or a variety, or languages or varieties. Language planning hereafter lp refers to activities that attempt to bring about changes in the structure corpus and functions thus, status of languages andor language varieties, using sociolinguistic concepts and information to make policy decisions and to implement them, in order to deal with linguistic andor extralinguistic problems at the national, international or. The history of language planning and reform in china. In fact, language policy often refers to both the process and the end result. You may want to read the whole guide, or you may want to jump to the section that is most relevant for you.
The deliberate effort to influence the function, structure or acquisition of a language within a speech community. St encourages the study of a language, understanding. The field of language planning and policy lpp is concerned with the policies both explicit and implicit that influence what languages are spoken when, how, and by whom, as well as the values and rights associated with those languages. It has been organized to support language planning and policy in various situations within a first nations language community.
Buldauf 1982 was the first to point out explicitly that who planners were was potentially an important variable in language planning and language policy. Language planning challenges and prospects in native. Mccarty arizona state university executive summary this policy brief addresses the dual challenges facing native american communities in their language planning and policy lpp efforts. This paper deals with the problems associated with language planning. Both the notions of social control and influence suggest that language planning has a political dimension of ideological controlcf.
The politics of language planning in postapartheid south africa. Education, language policy and language use in the philippines. We intend no theoretical generalizations but rather a descriptive summary of present research 19901993. Language problems and language planning john benjamins. Language planning is defined as the planning of deliberate changes in the form or use of a language or language variety and viewed as a subdiscipline of sociolinguistics. Exploring family language policy and planning among ethnic minority families in hong kong. The diachronic study of language planning has the potential to enrich synchronic views on the phenomenon and. Language planning is a controversial area in sociolinguistics. When policies are deliberately and consciously created, they usually involve some form of planning.
Pdf language policy and planning and linguistic landscapes. A systems model of language planning lindsay milligan university of aberdeen a systems thinking st approach to language planning has not yet been addressed in the corpus of language planning literature. This journal covers both language policy and educational policy. Language policy and language planning oxford academic journals. To sum up, this chapter has outlined the characteristics of language policy and planning research, the type of questions pertinent in this field. The function of the public service broadcasting company sveriges television swedish television as a component of the swedish ecology of language planning and policy is examined. Problems of the multiplicity of languages in the sovereign state. Three such orientations are proposed in this paper language asproblem, language asright, and language asresource. Dec 22, 2008 the core section of the monograph investigates language policy and planning, with an emphasis on the mother tongue medium or first language policy and the multilingual policy. Explanations of trade patterns with the countries represented by the nine languages are offered here. Analysis of recent policy documents as well as data about television.
Language planning refers to various ways of influencing a language to raise its status and to modify its system and structure. Language policy and planning decisions arise in response to sociopolitical needs. The politics of language planning in postapartheid south. The topdown and bottomup approaches to language planning and policy. Pdf swedish television as a mechanism for language.
Language policy is therefore often used to refer to an outcome of language planning. Language planning and policymaking in europe language. This handbook offers a stateoftheart account of research in language policy and planning lpp. List of issues current issues in language planning. Language policy and planning and linguistic landscapes. Language planning decisions may be required, for example, where a number of linguistic groups compete for access to the mechanisms of daytoday life, or where a particular linguistic minority is denied access to such mechanisms. Eric ed381001 from language policy to language planning. The chinese language chinese is a member of the sino tibetan family of languages and encompasses a. It gives a sense of identity to an individual as well as a social group. Language policy and planning in language education. Considers bilingual education in framework of these orientations. There is controversy about the terminology used, and in a. Cooper 1989 defines language planning as the activity of preparing a normative orthography, grammar, and dictionary for the guidance of.
Language planning and policy should be a deterrent factor in preventing the disappearance of indigenous languages in the course of human history. Language planning and policymaking in europe volume 28 issue 3 sue wright. This article considers the relevance of language policy and planning lpp for. The terms language planning and language policy are frequently used, in both the technical and the popular literature, either interchangeably or in tandem. Decisions around language policy and planning are made around the globe every day, both formally by governments and informally by scholars and community leaders. Mar 11, 2017 the field of language planning and policy lpp is concerned with the policies both explicit and implicit that influence what languages are spoken when, how, and by whom, as well as the values and rights associated with those languages. Language planning and policy arise out of sociopolitical situations where, for example, speakers of various languages compete for resources or where a particular linguistic minority is denied access to basic rights. Lplp encourages interdisciplinarity in the study of multilingualism and language policy. Language planning and policies summary steve nicolle language planning and policies summary some definitions language planning all conscious efforts that aim at changing the linguistic behaviour of a speech community mesthrie et al 2009. A critical perspective defu wan wuhan unichem chemicals ltd. The fourth discusses language maintenance and language shift in nigeria with respect to the indigenous languages and english, the exoglossic language.
Languageineducation policy and planning volume 14 christina bratt paulston, susanne mclaughlin. Language policies and practices may either promote or restrict the teaching. Available formats pdf please select a format to send. School of education, university of queensland, australia. Language planning, policy and implementation in south africa. Legacies, consequences, and possibilities terrence g. An overview of languages other than english in australian education.
It begins by describing the origins of the term lp and some of the goals of the activity. His famous work, languages in contact weinreich, 1953, discussed bilingual communication, including the mixing of a fading first language. The term lp was probably first invoked by the linguist uriel weinreich. Language planning decisions may be required, for example, where a number of linguistic groups compete for access to the mechanisms of daytoday life, or where a particular linguistic minority. Language planning and policy the handbook of linguistics.
Many of the papers in this theme issue of the journal of the applied linguistics association of australia are concerned with the impact of the white. Language planning hereafter lp refers to activities that attempt to bring about changes in the structure corpus and functions thus, status of languages and or language varieties, using sociolinguistic concepts and information to make policy decisions and to implement them, in order to deal with linguistic and or extralinguistic problems at the national, international or. It then describes the current state of lote and english language policy and offers some background on the theory of language planning. There has been no language planning debate as yet, but we have merely inherited british linguistic policies that derive from a colonial policy, which emphasised separate development for the different races, with a political counterpart in the theory and practice of indirect rule. Goal the language education policy provides direction for the treatment of language issues in the jamaican educational context, in order to improve language and literacy. Language planning also known as language engineering is a deliberate effort to influence the function, structure or acquisition of languages or language varieties within a speech community. Language planning when the government chooses a variety as a national or official language, it does language planning. Language planning and policies summary steve nicolle the process of language planning the american linguist einar haugen 1966, 1987 suggested that. Orientations in language planning university of arizona. Comparing the two countries, it follows how institutional narratives in language policy would influence the tread to effective modernisation. However, they actually represent two quite distinct aspects of the systemised language change process. Court interpreters act of 1978, which provides an interpreter to any victim, witness, or a defendant.
Based on an australian study creating sociolinguistic profiles of nine languages other than english lote commonly used in australia, the report examines implications for public language policy and planning. By closing this message, you are consenting to our use of cookies. The recognition of a languages potential entirely depends on the opportunities that it is given. Among the topics discussed are the scope of language planning, an ideal language planning program, aims of language planning, types and levels of language planning, the role of. On the one hand, it is possible to locate the origins of language policy as a subfield within applied linguistics dating back some 50 years, and coming of age as a discipline unto itself within the last 25 years. Wiley center for applied linguistics 4646 40th street northwest washington, dc 20016 email.
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